SherbyNet - /page/wikibook/entry.mu

Micron Document

<!DOCTYPE html>

<title>Screen Tests</title>

</head>

Screen Tests

</h1>

</header>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="Screen_test_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Screen test (disambiguation)">Screen test (disambiguation)</a>.</div>

The Screen Tests are a series of <a href="Short_film" title="Short film">short</a>, <a href="Silent_film" title="Silent film">silent</a>, <a href="Black-and-white" class="mw-redirect" title="Black-and-white">black-and-white film</a> portraits by <a href="Andy_Warhol" title="Andy Warhol">Andy Warhol</a>, made between 1964 and 1966, generally showing their subjects from the neck up against plain backdrops. The Screen Tests, of which 472 survive, depict a wide range of figures, many of them part of the mid-1960s downtown New York cultural scene. Under Warhol's direction, subjects of the Screen Tests attempted to sit motionless for around three minutes while being filmed, with the resulting movies projected in slow motion. The films represent a new kind of portraiture—a slowly moving, nearly still image of a person.<a href="#cite_note-moma1-1">[1]</a> Warhol's Screen Tests connect on one hand with the artist's other work in film, which emphasized stillness and duration (for example, <a href="Sleep_(1964_film)" title="Sleep (1964 film)">Sleep</a> (1964) and <a href="Empire_(1965_film)" title="Empire (1965 film)">Empire</a> (1965), and on the other hand with his focus after the mid-1960s on documenting his celebrity milieu in paintings and other works.<a href="#cite_note-Angell-2">[2]</a>: 12–13

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_and_production">History and production</h2></div>

The Screen Tests were initially inspired by a 1962 New York City Police Department booklet entitled The Thirteen Most Wanted, which showed mug shots of wanted criminals.<a href="#cite_note-Angell-2">[2]</a>: 13 The same booklet was the source of the images in Warhol's short-lived mural entitled <a href="Thirteen_Most_Wanted_Men" title="Thirteen Most Wanted Men">Thirteen Most Wanted Men</a> at the <a href="1964_New_York_World's_Fair" title="1964 New York World's Fair">1964 New York World's Fair</a>, together with a series of paintings using the same images. A second source for the Screen Tests was Warhol's interest in <a href="Photo_booth" title="Photo booth">photo-booth</a> portraits, which he had begun to use in 1963 for paintings such as <a href="Ethel_Scull_36_Times" title="Ethel Scull 36 Times">Ethel Scull 36 Times</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Angell-2">[2]</a>: 13 Like the Screen Tests, photo-booth portraits document the appearance of a sitter across successive moments in time.

In January, 1964, around the time he was working with the police booklet images to design the World's Fair mural, Warhol shot a series of short moving-image portraits of young men, the film canisters of which were labeled—in a riff on the booklet title—13 Most Beautiful. The first Screen Tests were made at the house of <a href="Winthrop_Kellogg_Edey" title="Winthrop Kellogg Edey">Winthrop Kellogg Edey</a>, one of the subjects in 13 Most Beautiful.<a href="#cite_note-Angell-2">[2]</a>: 13, 70 Each film is as long as the 100-foot length of film in the magazines for Warhol's <a href="Bolex" title="Bolex">Bolex</a> movie camera (about three minutes), and shows a single subject presented in the style of the brochure's mug shots: from the neck up, with a featureless background, facing forward, with the portrait filling the frame from top to bottom. The subjects were generally directed by Warhol to hold perfectly still and not blink for the three-minute duration of the filming.<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a>

After making these early shorts, Warhol began to incorporate the shooting of Screen Tests into the routine of his studio, <a href="The_Factory" title="The Factory">The Factory</a>, alongside the making of new paintings and other aspects of his enterprise. The filming of Screen Tests was rarely prearranged. There was an area set up for shooting, but the decision to make one was spontaneous, generally involving people who happened to be visiting The Factory.<a href="#cite_note-Angell-2">[2]</a>: 15 Nearly all of the Screen Tests use the nearly motionless, front-facing style of the first films. Warhol varied the shooting conditions for individual films, changing the number of lights or their angles to alter the pattern of shadow on the subjects' faces and the backdrops behind them or using different lens aperture settings. Some subjects sat for multiple Screen Tests on a single day. By the end of 1966, two years after his first Screen Tests, Warhol had produced at least 500 of them, of which 472 survive.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a>

The short films were not called Screen Tests until the end of 1965; until that time, Warhol labeled them "film portraits" or "stillies" (a <a href="Portmanteau" class="mw-redirect" title="Portmanteau">portmanteau</a> of "still-movies").<a href="#cite_note-Angell-2">[2]</a>: 15 They were not screen tests in the general sense of the film industry, in that they were conceived as independent works of art and not a way of choosing people to act in a production.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> Warhol made two longer films in 1965, <a href="Andy_Warhol_filmography" title="Andy Warhol filmography">Screen Test #1 and Screen Test #2</a>, that more closely resemble traditional screen tests.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception_and_legacy">Reception and legacy</h2></div>

Film critic Philip Dodd listed the Screen Tests among his favorite films in 2002 when he voted for the <a href="Sight_and_Sound" title="Sight and Sound">Sight and Sound</a> poll.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a>

Author <a href="Kate_Zambreno" title="Kate Zambreno">Kate Zambreno</a> wrote about the screen tests in a 2019 collection of essays titled Screen Tests: Stories and Other Writing.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a>

In 2024, Warhol's Screen Tests were presented in a gallery setting for the first time as a selection titled Poetry and Pose: Screen Tests by Andy Warhol, at the <a href="Ki_Smith_Gallery" title="Ki Smith Gallery">Ki Smith Gallery</a> on the Lower East Side of New York. Every portrait from various subject's single sessions were compiled for the first time.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Selected_Screen_Test_subjects">Selected Screen Test subjects</h2></div>

Many of the 472 surviving Screen Tests depict people who remain well known for their accomplishments or for their association with Warhol's circle. Following is a selection of people who appeared in Screen Tests who are also the subject of Wikipedia articles, chosen to give an overview of the range of Warhol's subjects. The definitive compilation of the Screen Tests and their subjects is Andy Warhol Screen Tests by Callie Angell (2006), the first volume of the <a href="Catalogue_raisonn%C3%A9" title="Catalogue raisonné">catalogue raisoneė</a> of Warhol's films.

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;">

<ul><li><a href="Paul_America" title="Paul America">Paul America</a></li>

<li><a href="Eric_Andersen" title="Eric Andersen">Eric Andersen</a></li>

<li><a href="John_Ashbery" title="John Ashbery">John Ashbery</a></li>

<li><a href="Benedetta_Barzini" title="Benedetta Barzini">Benedetta Barzini</a></li>

<li><a href="Marisa_Berenson" title="Marisa Berenson">Marisa Berenson</a></li>

<li><a href="DeVeren_Bookwalter" title="DeVeren Bookwalter">DeVeren Bookwalter</a></li>

<li><a href="Joe_Brainard" title="Joe Brainard">Joe Brainard</a></li>

<li><a href="Lucinda_Childs" title="Lucinda Childs">Lucinda Childs</a></li>

<li><a href="Salvador_Dal%C3%AD" title="Salvador Dalí">Salvador Dalí</a></li>

<li><a href="Niki_de_Saint_Phalle" title="Niki de Saint Phalle">Niki de Saint Phalle</a></li>

<li><a href="Diane_di_Prima" title="Diane di Prima">Diane di Prima</a></li>

<li><a href="Donovan" title="Donovan">Donovan</a></li>

<li><a href="Marcel_Duchamp" title="Marcel Duchamp">Marcel Duchamp</a></li>

<li><a href="Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a></li>

<li><a href="Cass_Elliot" title="Cass Elliot">Cass Elliot</a></li>

<li><a href="Danny_Fields" title="Danny Fields">Danny Fields</a></li>

<li><a href="Charles_Henri_Ford" title="Charles Henri Ford">Charles Henri Ford</a></li>

<li><a href="Henry_Geldzahler" title="Henry Geldzahler">Henry Geldzahler</a></li>

<li><a href="Allen_Ginsberg" title="Allen Ginsberg">Allen Ginsberg</a></li>

<li><a href="Piero_Heliczer" title="Piero Heliczer">Piero Heliczer</a></li>

<li><a href="Freddy_Herko" class="mw-redirect" title="Freddy Herko">Freddy Herko</a></li>

<li><a href="Dennis_Hopper" title="Dennis Hopper">Dennis Hopper</a></li>

<li><a href="Peter_Hujar" title="Peter Hujar">Peter Hujar</a></li>

<li><a href="Kenneth_King_(dancer)" title="Kenneth King (dancer)">Kenneth King</a></li>

<li><a href="Kenneth_Jay_Lane" title="Kenneth Jay Lane">Kenneth Jay Lane</a></li>

<li><a href="Donyale_Luna" title="Donyale Luna">Donyale Luna</a></li>

<li><a href="Gerard_Malanga" title="Gerard Malanga">Gerard Malanga</a></li>

<li><a href="Jonas_Mekas" title="Jonas Mekas">Jonas Mekas</a></li>

<li><a href="Mario_Montez" title="Mario Montez">Mario Montez</a></li>

<li><a href="Paul_Morrissey" title="Paul Morrissey">Paul Morrissey</a></li>

<li><a href="Sterling_Morrison" title="Sterling Morrison">Sterling Morrison</a></li>

<li><a href="Ondine_(actor)" title="Ondine (actor)">Ondine</a></li>

<li><a href="Peter_Orlovsky" title="Peter Orlovsky">Peter Orlovsky</a></li>

<li><a href="Rene_Ricard" title="Rene Ricard">Rene Ricard</a></li>

<li><a href="James_Rosenquist" title="James Rosenquist">James Rosenquist</a></li>

<li><a href="Barbara_Rubin" title="Barbara Rubin">Barbara Rubin</a></li>

<li><a href="Francesco_Scavullo" title="Francesco Scavullo">Francesco Scavullo</a></li>

<li><a href="Edie_Sedgwick" title="Edie Sedgwick">Edie Sedgwick</a></li>

<li><a href="Harry_Everett_Smith" title="Harry Everett Smith">Harry Smith</a></li>

<li><a href="Jack_Smith_(film_director)" title="Jack Smith (film director)">Jack Smith</a></li>

<li><a href="Holly_Solomon" title="Holly Solomon">Holly Solomon</a></li>

<li><a href="Susan_Sontag" title="Susan Sontag">Susan Sontag</a></li>

<li><a href="Amy_Taubin" title="Amy Taubin">Amy Taubin</a></li>

<li><a href="Maureen_Tucker" class="mw-redirect" title="Maureen Tucker">Maureen Tucker</a></li>

<li><a href="Chuck_Wein" title="Chuck Wein">Chuck Wein</a></li>

<li><a href="John_Wieners" title="John Wieners">John Wieners</a></li>

<li><a href="Marian_Zazeela" title="Marian Zazeela">Marian Zazeela</a></li></ul></div>

<ul><li><a href="Andy_Warhol_filmography" title="Andy Warhol filmography">Andy Warhol filmography</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div class="reflist">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("./mw/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("./mw/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("./mw/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("./mw/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.moma.org/calendar/exhibitions/142">"Andy Warhol: Screen Tests"</a>. <a href="Museum_of_Modern_Art" title="Museum of Modern Art">Museum of Modern Art</a>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Angell-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Angell_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Angell_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Angell_2-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Angell_2-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Angell_2-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Angell_2-5">f</a> <cite id="CITEREFAngell2006" class="citation book cs1">Angell, Callie (2006). Andy Warhol Screen Tests. New York: Harry N. Abrams. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9780810955394</bdi>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFFoster2010" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="Hal_Foster_(art_critic)" title="Hal Foster (art critic)">Foster, Hal</a> (Spring 2010). "Test Subjects". <a href="October_(journal)" title="October (journal)">October</a>. 132: 38–39. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1162%2Focto.2010.132.1.30">10.1162/octo.2010.132.1.30</a>. <a href="JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20721275">20721275</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:57570860">57570860</a>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFDargis2007" class="citation news cs1"><a href="Manohla_Dargis" title="Manohla Dargis">Dargis, Manohla</a> (October 21, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/21/movies/21darg.html">"Unblinking Eye, Visual Diary: Warhol's Films"</a>. <a href="The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. Retrieved November 14, 2014.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.warhol.org/lessons/screen-tests/">"Screen Tests"</a>. The Andy Warhol Museum.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120803102529/http://old.bfi.org.uk/sightandsound/topten/poll/voter.php?forename=Philip&surname=Dodd">BFI, Sight & Sound</a>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kzambreno.com/screen-tests">Screen Tests by Kate Zambreno</a>, kzambreno.com

</li>

<li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amny.com/entertainment/arts-entertainment/andy-warhol-screen-tests-lower-east-side/">Krasner, Bob. (24 February 2024) AMNY Arts Entertainment. amny.com</a>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.moma.org/momaorg/shared/pdfs/docs/learn/Andy_Warhol_Screen_Tests-inventory.pdf">"Andy Warhol Screen Tests, reels 1–28</a>, <a href="Museum_of_Modern_Art" title="Museum of Modern Art">Museum of Modern Art</a></li></ul>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Andy_Warhol210" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div id="Andy_Warhol210" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Andy_Warhol" title="Andy Warhol">Andy Warhol</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artworks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Campbell's_Soup_Cans" title="Campbell's Soup Cans">Campbell's Soup Cans</a> (1962)</li>

<li><a href="Marilyn_Diptych" title="Marilyn Diptych">Marilyn Diptych</a> (1962)</li>

<li><a href="3_Coke_Bottles" title="3 Coke Bottles">3 Coke Bottles</a> (1962)</li>

<li><a href="Gold_Marilyn_Monroe" title="Gold Marilyn Monroe">Gold Marilyn Monroe</a> (1962)</li>

<li><a href="Green_Coca-Cola_Bottles" title="Green Coca-Cola Bottles">Green Coca-Cola Bottles</a> (1962)</li>

<li><a href="Eight_Elvises" title="Eight Elvises">Eight Elvises</a> (1963)</li>

<li><a href="Colored_Mona_Lisa" title="Colored Mona Lisa">Colored Mona Lisa</a> (1963)</li>

<li><a href="Ethel_Scull_36_Times" title="Ethel Scull 36 Times">Ethel Scull 36 Times</a> (1963)</li>

<li><a href="Silver_Car_Crash_(Double_Disaster)" title="Silver Car Crash (Double Disaster)">Silver Car Crash (Double Disaster)</a> (1963)</li>

<li><a href="Green_Car_Crash" title="Green Car Crash">Green Car Crash</a> (1963)</li>

<li><a href="Triple_Elvis" title="Triple Elvis">Triple Elvis</a> (1963)</li>

<li><a href="Suicide_(Purple_Jumping_Man)" title="Suicide (Purple Jumping Man)">Suicide (Purple Jumping Man)</a> (1963)</li>

<li><a href="Thirteen_Most_Wanted_Men" title="Thirteen Most Wanted Men">Thirteen Most Wanted Men</a> (1964)</li>

<li><a href="Shot_Marilyns" title="Shot Marilyns">Shot Marilyns</a> (1964)</li>

<li><a href="Exploding_Plastic_Inevitable" title="Exploding Plastic Inevitable">Exploding Plastic Inevitable</a> (1966)</li>

<li><a href="Cow_Wallpaper" title="Cow Wallpaper">Cow Wallpaper</a> (1966)</li>

<li><a href="Big_Electric_Chair" title="Big Electric Chair">Big Electric Chair</a> (1967)</li>

<li><a href="Marilyn_Monroe_portfolio" title="Marilyn Monroe portfolio">Marilyn Monroe portfolio</a> (1967)</li>

<li><a href="Campbell's_Soup_I" title="Campbell's Soup I">Campbell's Soup I</a> (1968)</li>

<li><a href="Campbell's_Soup_Cans_II" title="Campbell's Soup Cans II">Campbell's Soup Cans II</a> (1969)</li>

<li><a href="Vote_McGovern" title="Vote McGovern">Vote McGovern</a> (1972)</li>

<li><a href="Ladies_and_Gentlemen_(Warhol_series)" title="Ladies and Gentlemen (Warhol series)">Ladies and Gentlemen</a> (1975)</li>

<li><a href="Athletes_(Warhol_series)" title="Athletes (Warhol series)">Athletes</a> (1977)</li>

<li><a href="Shadows_(paintings)" title="Shadows (paintings)">Shadows</a> (1978–79)</li>

<li><a href="Ten_Portraits_of_Jews_of_the_Twentieth_Century" title="Ten Portraits of Jews of the Twentieth Century">Ten Portraits of Jews of the Twentieth Century</a> (1980)</li>

<li><a href="Crosses_(Warhol)" title="Crosses (Warhol)">Crosses</a> (1981)</li>

<li><a href="Jean-Michel_Basquiat_(1982_painting)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean-Michel Basquiat (1982 painting)">Jean-Michel Basquiat </a> (1982)</li>

<li><a href="Magazine_and_History" title="Magazine and History">Magazine and History</a> (1983)</li>

<li><a href="Speed_Skater" title="Speed Skater">Speed Skater</a> (1983)</li>

<li><a href="Orange_Prince" title="Orange Prince">Orange Prince</a> (1984)</li>

<li><a href="Olympics_(Basquiat_and_Warhol)" title="Olympics (Basquiat and Warhol)">Olympics</a> (1984)</li>

<li><a href="Taxi%2C_45th/Broadway" title="Taxi, 45th/Broadway">Taxi, 45th/Broadway</a> (1984–85)</li>

<li><a href="The_Last_Supper_(Warhol)" title="The Last Supper (Warhol)">The Last Supper</a> (1984–86)</li>

<li><a href="Zenith_(Basquiat_and_Warhol)" title="Zenith (Basquiat and Warhol)">Zenith</a> (1985)</li>

<li><a href="Portrait_of_Seymour_H._Knox" title="Portrait of Seymour H. Knox">Portrait of Seymour H. Knox</a> (1985)</li>

<li><a href="Reigning_Queens" title="Reigning Queens">Reigning Queens</a> (1985)</li>

<li><a href="Camouflage_Self-Portrait" title="Camouflage Self-Portrait">Camouflage Self-Portrait</a> (1986)</li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Andy_Warhol_filmography" title="Andy Warhol filmography">Films</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Sleep_(1964_film)" title="Sleep (1964 film)">Sleep</a> (1964)</li>

<li><a href="Batman_Dracula" title="Batman Dracula">Batman Dracula</a> (1964)</li>

<li><a href="Soap_Opera_(1964_film)" title="Soap Opera (1964 film)">Soap Opera</a> (1964)</li>

<li><a href="Couch_(film)" title="Couch (film)">Couch</a> (1964)</li>

<li><a href="Taylor_Mead's_Ass" title="Taylor Mead's Ass">Taylor Mead's Ass</a> (1964)</li>

<li><a href="Henry_Geldzahler_(film)" title="Henry Geldzahler (film)">Henry Geldzahler</a> (1964)</li>

<li><a href="Harlot_(1964_film)" title="Harlot (1964 film)">Harlot</a> (1964)</li>

<li><a href="Empire_(1965_film)" title="Empire (1965 film)">Empire</a> (1965)</li>

<li><a href="Vinyl_(1965_film)" title="Vinyl (1965 film)">Vinyl</a> (1965)</li>

<li><a href="Horse_(1965_film)" title="Horse (1965 film)">Horse</a> (1965)</li>

<li><a href="Space_(1965_film)" title="Space (1965 film)">Space</a> (1965)</li>

<li><a href="Poor_Little_Rich_Girl_(1965_film)" title="Poor Little Rich Girl (1965 film)">Poor Little Rich Girl</a> (1965)</li>

<li><a href="Beauty_No._1" title="Beauty No. 1">Beauty No. 1</a> (1965)</li>

<li><a href="Beauty_No._2" title="Beauty No. 2">Beauty No. 2</a> (1965)</li>

<li><a href="More_Milk%2C_Yvette" title="More Milk, Yvette">More Milk, Yvette</a> (1965)</li>

<li><a href="The_Life_of_Juanita_Castro" title="The Life of Juanita Castro">The Life of Juanita Castro</a> (1965)</li>

<li><a href="My_Hustler" title="My Hustler">My Hustler</a> (1965)</li>

<li><a href="Kitchen_(1966_film)" title="Kitchen (1966 film)">Kitchen</a> (1966)</li>

<li><a href="Eating_Too_Fast" title="Eating Too Fast">Eating Too Fast</a> (1966)</li>

<li><a href="The_Velvet_Underground_and_Nico%3A_A_Symphony_of_Sound" title="The Velvet Underground and Nico: A Symphony of Sound">The Velvet Underground and Nico: A Symphony of Sound</a> (1966)</li>

<li><a href="Salvador_Dal%C3%AD_(film)" title="Salvador Dalí (film)">Salvador Dalí</a> (1966)</li>

<li><a href="Chelsea_Girls" title="Chelsea Girls">Chelsea Girls</a> (1966)</li>

<li><a href="Since_(film)" title="Since (film)">Since</a> (1966)</li>

<li><a href="The_Andy_Warhol_Story" title="The Andy Warhol Story">The Andy Warhol Story</a> (1966)</li>

<li><a href="Four_Stars_(1967_film)" title="Four Stars (1967 film)">Four Stars****</a> (1967)</li>

<li><a href="Imitation_of_Christ_(film)" title="Imitation of Christ (film)">Imitation of Christ</a> (1967)</li>

<li><a href="Tub_Girls" title="Tub Girls">Tub Girls</a> (1967)</li>

<li><a href="The_Nude_Restaurant" title="The Nude Restaurant">The Nude Restaurant</a> (1967)</li>

<li><a href="Lonesome_Cowboys" title="Lonesome Cowboys">Lonesome Cowboys</a> (1968)</li>

<li><a href="San_Diego_Surf_(film)" title="San Diego Surf (film)">San Diego Surf</a> (1968)</li>

<li><a href="Flesh_(1968_film)" title="Flesh (1968 film)">Flesh</a> (1968)</li>

<li><a href="Blue_Movie" title="Blue Movie">Blue Movie</a> (1969)</li>

<li><a href="Trash_(1970_film)" title="Trash (1970 film)">Trash</a> (1970)</li>

<li><a href="Women_in_Revolt" title="Women in Revolt">Women in Revolt</a> (1971)</li>

<li><a href="L'Amour_(film)" title="L'Amour (film)">L'Amour</a> (1972)</li>

<li><a href="Flesh_for_Frankenstein" title="Flesh for Frankenstein">Flesh for Frankenstein</a> (1973)</li>

<li><a href="Blood_for_Dracula" title="Blood for Dracula">Blood for Dracula</a> (1974)</li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="25_Cats_Name_Sam_and_One_Blue_Pussy" title="25 Cats Name Sam and One Blue Pussy">25 Cats Name Sam and One Blue Pussy</a> (1954)</li>

<li><a href="A%2C_A_Novel" title="A, A Novel">a, A Novel</a> (1968)</li>

<li><a href="Blue_Movie_(1970_book)" class="mw-redirect" title="Blue Movie (1970 book)">Blue Movie</a> (1970)</li>

<li><a href="The_Philosophy_of_Andy_Warhol" title="The Philosophy of Andy Warhol">The Philosophy of Andy Warhol</a> (1975)</li>

<li><a href="Andy_Warhol's_Exposures" title="Andy Warhol's Exposures">Exposures</a> (1979)</li>

<li><a href="Popism" title="Popism">POPism: The Warhol '60s</a> (1980)</li>

<li><a href="The_Andy_Warhol_Diaries" title="The Andy Warhol Diaries">The Andy Warhol Diaries</a> (1989)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Andy_Warhol's_Pork" title="Andy Warhol's Pork">Andy Warhol's Pork</a> (1971)</li>

<li><a href="Interview_(magazine)" title="Interview (magazine)">Interview</a></li>

<li><a href="Andy_Warhol's_Fifteen_Minutes" title="Andy Warhol's Fifteen Minutes">Andy Warhol's Fifteen Minutes</a> (1985–87)</li>

<li>"<a href="Misfit_(Curiosity_Killed_the_Cat_song)" title="Misfit (Curiosity Killed the Cat song)">Misfit</a>" (1986)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Museums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="The_Andy_Warhol_Museum" title="The Andy Warhol Museum">The Andy Warhol Museum</a> (<a href="Pittsburgh" title="Pittsburgh">Pittsburgh</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Andy_Warhol_Museum_of_Modern_Art" title="Andy Warhol Museum of Modern Art">Andy Warhol Museum of Modern Art</a> (<a href="Medzilaborce" title="Medzilaborce">Medzilaborce</a>)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Depictions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>"<a href="Andy_Warhol_(song)" title="Andy Warhol (song)">Andy Warhol</a>" (1971)</li>

<li><a href="Dos_Cabezas" title="Dos Cabezas">Dos Cabezas</a> (1982)</li>

<li><a href="Andy_Mouse" title="Andy Mouse">Andy Mouse</a> (1986)</li>

<li><a href="Songs_for_Drella" title="Songs for Drella">Songs for Drella</a> (1990)</li>

<li><a href="Basquiat_(film)" title="Basquiat (film)">Basquiat</a> (1996)</li>

<li><a href="I_Shot_Andy_Warhol" title="I Shot Andy Warhol">I Shot Andy Warhol</a> (1996)</li>

<li><a href="Factory_Girl_(2006_film)" title="Factory Girl (2006 film)">Factory Girl</a> (2006)</li>

<li><a href="Andy_Warhol%3A_A_Documentary_Film" title="Andy Warhol: A Documentary Film">Andy Warhol: A Documentary Film</a> (2006)</li>

<li><a href="Warhol_(book)" title="Warhol (book)">Warhol</a> (2020)</li>

<li><a href="The_Andy_Warhol_Diaries_(TV_series)" title="The Andy Warhol Diaries (TV series)">The Andy Warhol Diaries</a> (2022)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Julia_Warhola" title="Julia Warhola">Julia Warhola</a> (mother)</li>

<li><a href="John_Warhola" title="John Warhola">John Warhola</a> (brother)</li>

<li><a href="James_Warhola" title="James Warhola">James Warhola</a> (nephew)</li>

<li><a href="Jed_Johnson_(designer)" title="Jed Johnson (designer)">Jed Johnson</a> (partner)</li>

<li><a href="Archie_(dog)" title="Archie (dog)">Archie</a> (pet dog)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="The_Factory" title="The Factory">The Factory</a></li>

<li><a href="Factory_Additions" title="Factory Additions">Factory Additions</a></li>

<li><a href="The_Druds" title="The Druds">The Druds</a></li>

<li><a href="The_Velvet_Underground" title="The Velvet Underground">The Velvet Underground</a></li>

<li><a href="Warhol_superstars" title="Warhol superstars">Warhol Superstars</a></li>

<li><a href="New_Andy_Warhol_Garrick_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="New Andy Warhol Garrick Theatre">New Andy Warhol Garrick Theatre</a></li>

<li><a href="55th_Street_Playhouse" title="55th Street Playhouse">55th Street Playhouse</a></li>

<li><a href="Eothen_(Montauk_estate)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eothen (Montauk estate)">Eothen</a></li>

<li><a href="Andy_Warhol_Art_Authentication_Board" title="Andy Warhol Art Authentication Board">Andy Warhol Art Authentication Board</a></li>

<li><a href="The_Autobiography_and_Sex_Life_of_Andy_Warhol" title="The Autobiography and Sex Life of Andy Warhol">The Autobiography and Sex Life of Andy Warhol</a> (1971)</li>

<li><a href="Absolut_Warhola" title="Absolut Warhola">Absolut Warhola </a> (2001)</li>

<li><a href="Brillo_Box_(3_%C2%A2_Off)" title="Brillo Box (3 ¢ Off)">Brillo Box (3 ¢ Off)</a> (2016)</li>

<li><a href="Andy_Warhol_Bridge" title="Andy Warhol Bridge">Andy Warhol Bridge</a></li>

<li>"<a href="15_minutes_of_fame" title="15 minutes of fame">15 minutes of fame</a>"</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li> Category</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-08-02" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Screen_Tests&oldid=1303847008">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

</div>

</div></div>

</div>

</main>

</div>

</body></html>